Activists

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Abrams, Dr. Donald

AIDS and medical marijuana physician, got approval and executed the first modern clinical study showing that cannabis is a safe and effective medication. Advocate of integrative medical treatments, he authored numerous scholarly works over the span of decades.

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Ager, Alan

AIDS patient, First Prop 215 caregiver defendant

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Michael co-founded Amorphia and produced the first hemp rolling papers. He was director of the SF CHAMP dispensary that fought 280E IRS tax requirements and worked on Prop 19 in 1972. Cofounder of CCHS.

Aldrich, Michael

Michelle worked on Prop 19 in 1972 and married Michael Aldrich. She also worked on Prop 215. Cofounder of CCHS.

Aldrich, Michelle

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Baldwin, Michael

Cannabis patient charged with cultivation, Researcher who challenged police ‘experts’

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Co-founder of Civil Liberties Monitoring Project, which tracked law enforcement raids in Northern California in the 1980s-90s.

Blackberry, Bonnie

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Bearman, David

Cannabis physician, expert witness and author, CCHS Advisory Board.

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Blake, Tim

Area 101 cannabis dispensary, Emerald Cup founder

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Boyce, Anna

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Nurse, Proponent of Prop 215

Founder/director of Association of Patients Advocates, cannabis expert witness, Oaksterdam U faculty

Britt, Bill

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Funder, President of Dr Bronners Soap company, did civil disobedience in DC by planting hemp and in Sacramento for protesting for medical marijuana patients

Bronner, David

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Brownell, Gordon

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Proponent of the original Prop 19 in 1972

Byars, Karen

Patient, early advocate for CBD, events promoter

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Clarke, Rob

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Botanist, breeder, author

Corral, Valerie & Mike

WAMM collective founders and growers in Santa Cruz, involved in SB 420 legislation.

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FCDA, Hemp Industries Assn., Human Rights and the Drug War, etc., worked with his wife, Mikki Norris, on Props 215, 19, and 64, SAN guidelines and SB420. Oaksterdam U professor, Oaksterdam Cannabis museum curator, cannabis expert witness, author of numerous books, co-founder and board member of CCHS.

Conrad, Chris

A man with gray hair wearing a wide-brimmed hat decorated with pins, standing outdoors in front of a storefront with a sign that reads 'Zeb's'.

Founder of US Hemp Museum, a grower near Willits drove his mobile hemp museum across the state, sold cannabis legally with tax stamps in AZ before the law was revoked, toured the US with his mobile museum and set up an exhibition in LA, then an online museum, author of several books on hemp.

Davis, Richard

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Ecolution hemp company in 1990s, Hemp Industry Association co-founders, Harborside Health Center patient collective in the 2000s,

DeAngelo, Steve & Andrew

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Worked with Cannabis Action Network (CAN), Berkeley Cannabis Consumers Union, BPG Dispensary, Americans for Safe Access (ASA)

Duncan, Don

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Eggemeier, Lowell

Civil disobedience arrest in 1964 was critical in launching cannabis reform in California

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San Francisco Cannabis Buyers Club, co-author of Proposition 215, right hand man and husband of Dennis Peron

Entwhistle, John

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Epis, Bryan

Cannabis caregiver and dispensary operator, federal medical marijuana POW

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Audiographer of She Who Remembers, recorded radio programs and cannabis reform events in the 1990s and sold copies at rallies

Erstadt, Genie

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Celebrated cannabis decrim on Jan. 1, 1976 by modifying the Hollywood sign to read “Hollyweed.”

Finegood, Douglas

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Fischer, Amy

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Curator of Traveling Hemp Museum

serves as vice president and co-owner of Berkeley Patients Group (BPG), one of the oldest continuously-operating cannabis dispensaries in the nation. His advocacy began at a grassroots level, traveling with Cannabis Action Network for rallies, teach-ins and public education. His own experiences with the traumas of war deeply informed his commitment to medical cannabis, particularly for fellow veterans. He has worked in nearly every corner of the cannabis space, from early hemp importation and distribution with Ecolution to building and operating licensed dispensaries and cultivation facilities. He is a founding board member of the National Cannabis Industry Association (NCIA). His early work in contaminant testing laid a foundation for industry best practices. He’s worked with the Cannabis Embassy and Veterans Action Council and participated in international cannabis policy discussions at the UN offices in Vienna. Today, Etienne continues to contribute to the movement, including being an Ambassador for the California State Fair Cannabis Awards. He also sits on the Board of Advisors for the Battle Brothers Foundation and received the Dennis Peron Service Award from AMVETS.

Fontan, Etienne

Author of Marijuana, Not Guilty as Charged and Marijuana: Good Medicine, Great Sex.

Ford, David

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Breeder, grow book author, collaborator with Ed Rosenthal

Frank, Mel

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Publisher of O’Shaugnessey’s newspaper, founder of Project CBD.

Gardner, Fred

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at the state capitol, fighting off drug testing laws, supporting SB 420 and advocating for assorted reforms. Co-author of Prop 215, organizer of many statewide events. Hosts the annual Cannabis Lobby Day in Sacramento. Board member of CCHS.

Geiringer, Dale

(d. Sept. 5, 2004)/ Medical marijuana patient/advocate active at SF-CBC, featured in media reports and a champion of industrial hemp. Her mother underwent radiation treatment for cancer while pregnant and she was born with multiple disabilities.

Gennoy, Mary

Gilbert, Barton

Proponent of California Marijuana Initiatives in 1980 and 1989 that didn’t make the ballot

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Ginsberg, Allen

Beat Poet, based in NY and San Francisco, wrote “Howl” which references cannabis use

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Activist, Cofounder of Cannabis Action Network (CAN), Berkeley Patients Group (BPG), the Hemporium store in SF, Americans for Safe Access (ASA), and others.

Goldsberry, Debby

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Advocate of cannabis and psychedelics, publisher, promoter of Deep Green cannabis / ecology events

Gosney, Michael

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Greer, Mark

Founder of DrugSense and the Drug War Chronicle

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(1939-2010) / author of The Emperor Wears No Clothes, co-author and chief proponent of the California Hemp Initiative, which never made the ballot

Herer, Jack

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Cannabis physician, MD, Supporter of Prop 215 and SAMM, cannabis expert witness, co-founder of Society of Cannabis Clinicians (SCC).

Hergenrather, Dr. Jeff

A group of Santa Cruz women who advocated for medical marijuana and legalization, including Theodora Kerry.

Holy Hemp Sisters

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Gay Rights and AIDS activist, co-author of Prop 215, founder of West Hollywood CBC, raided by federal agents but not prosecuted

Imler, Scott

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(husband of Mary Pat Beck) / Patient, advocate, co-founder of Sonoma Alliance for Medical Marijuana (SAMM), helped convince Sonoma County DA to adopt SAN guidelines of 3 pounds and 100 square feet of canopy per qualified patient.

Jacobs, Monty

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Jeff founded the Oakland Cannabis Buyers Club (OCBC) on Independence Day, a year before Prop 215 passed, proponent of Oaksterdam, Measure Z, etc., with Richard Lee, and married Dale Skye during Prop 19 campaign, Dale took over OU when Lee was raided in 2012

Jones, Dale & Jeff

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Founder, editor and publisher of HempWorld magazine, the first trade publication for industrial hemp

Kane, Mari

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1929-1989, Academic who reviewed CA marijuana laws in 1966, wrote Marijuana: The New Prohibition (1969)

Kaplan, John

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An older man with white hair wearing a white cap, blue shirt, red suspenders, and a watch, holding a can of beer, standing in front of a colorful, artistic vehicle with a painted elaborate design featuring stars and swirls. There are other people in the background.

Holy Hemp Sisters and Cannabis Conversations in Santa Cruz, coined the term ‘hempster’

Kerry, Theodora

Author, sponsored SF ‘acid tests’ while LSD was still legal, arrested for cannabis in 1965 in La Honda

Kesey, Ken

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Cannabis hemp advocate, sent books and a cannabis pack including marijuana to President Clinton, 3-Hawks group won acquittal for planting industrial hemp in 1995

Kiczenski, Ron

The Hempman, sold hemp retail at rallies, introducing many to hemp products and helping get hemp businesses established.

Kizner, Dave

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Hempster, worked on CHI, Prop 215, The Emperor Wears No Clothes, and CANORML, Created Very Important Potheads website, authored Tokin’ Women.

Komp, Ellen

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Author of Politics of Consciousness, supported Prop 215, prosecuted for growing medical marijuana and ran for office under the Libertarian party mantl

Kubby, Steve

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Landa, Steph & Kikuchi, Tom

Caregivers, Federal POWs after their SF dispensary, the Brannan St Co-op, was raided, founders of the Overgrow support network for drug war POWs

Man in a suit sitting at a desk with a marijuana leaf poster in the background, holding a glass of water.

AIDS and MMJ activist from Sacramento, defendant support, sat on City’s cannabis advisory group

Landers, Ryan

Laughter, Wade

Nevada Co grower, popularized high-CBD harlequin variety, Caladrius Network

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Lee, Martin

A man with glasses and dark hair wearing a black T-shirt with red and white text that says 'OAKSTEDAM'. He is in front of a poster about medical marijuana ambulance trips, with other people partially visible in the background.

Project CBD, author

Mayor of Oaksterdam, founder of OU, O’dam News, O’dam Cannabis Museum, Proponent of Measure Z and Prop 19, collaborator with Jeff and Dale Jones

Lee, Richard

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A smiling man with gray hair wearing a beige baseball cap and a beige button-down shirt, standing in front of a blue space-themed backdrop.

Caregiver, busted in Lake County and acquitted, founder of Eddie’s Medical Marijuana Garden, raided by feds and became cannabis POW.

Lepp, Eddie

Founder of Santa Barbara Hemp Co., long-time President of the HIA, worked with David Bronner

Levine, Steve

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Supporter of Prop 215, medical cannabis physician and expert witness, co-founder of Society of Cannabis Clinicians

Lucido, Dr. Frank

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San Diego activist, worked in Amsterdam and internationally, founded SD CBC, hempcrete advocate, event organizer

Markgraaf, Dion

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“Pot Prince of Bel Air,” arrested in Ohio and in LA by Feds, devised multi-media version of The Emperor Wears No Clothes, sponsored THC Expo, grower, raided again during 2012 Oaksterdam raid.

McCormick, Todd

Self-help author, AIDS patient, Libertarian candidate, worked with WH CBC, arrested by Feds, denied access to medical marijuana to control vomiting and died as a direct result of the court order.

McWilliams, Peter

A smiling man in a white doctor's coat and red striped tie, wearing glasses and a stethoscope around his neck, standing outdoors in front of green leafy plants and a lemon on a tree.

(1933-2007) / Author of Marijuana Medical Papers, co-author of Prop 215, physician named by Drug Czar in anti-medical marijuana press conference, beat charges put forth by the CA Medical Board.

Mikuriya, Dr. Tod

Miller, Carol

Activist, worked with CLMP, co-author of The Hemp Seed Cookbook

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An older woman wearing a gray hat, blue sunglasses, and a white jacket, holding a gray metal round container of cigarettes with a leafy green background.

working with the Humboldt County Community Observation Group. CLMP checked with law enforcement officers who came into communities to make marijuana raids, to make certain they were wearing their identification badges. When Operation Green Sweep invaded our community (1990) using army troops and law enforcement personnel, with no identifying badges, she approached them about their lack of ID badges and was told to call Sacramento. So, the next day they appeared wearing badges. Marie founded The Hemp Connection, perhaps the first hemp store in America, and was active there for the 32 years that it existed. At some point Teresa became a partner finally the lead partner. They sponsored and promoted many community events in the Garberville area of Humboldt County, just off Highway 101.

Mills, Marie & Teresa

Federal Investigational New Drug (IND) cannabis patient, went on speaking tours, hemp rallies and media. “If I have access to medical marijuana, so should every other patient who needs it.” Musician, The War on Us.

Musikka, Elvy

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Drug Awareness and Human Rights and the Drug War, founder of Cannabis Consumers Campaign and author of Shattered Lives: Portraits From America’s Drug War. She advocated for Prop 215, SB 420, Measure Z, Prop 19 and Prop 64, among others, and is a board member of the CCHS.

Norris, Mikki

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Ommaha, Michael

d.2021 / Sponsored first 1970s growers’ cups, founded The Farmacy dispensary

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Husband and wife team, successfully fought forfeiture of their farm, authored The Spectre of Forfeiture, worked on The Emperor Wears No Clothes, grew for WH CBC and were caught up in the federal raid there.

Osburn, Lynn & Judy

Paoli, Leo

A middle-aged man with glasses and gray hair, wearing a maroon polo shirt with a black strap around his chest, sitting in a room with red textured walls and decorative vases and candlesticks on a shelf behind him.

Worked on the first Prop 19 campaign in 1972

Pappas, Charlie

d.2022/ Poet, Peace activist, Founder of The Divinity Tree patient collective in SF.

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Worked on Prop 19 campaign in 2010, Prop 64 in 2016 and for Drug Policy Alliance (DPA),

Parker, Cat

Parker, Sean

Tech billionaire who financed the successful Prop 64 legalization initiative in 2016.

Long-time secretary of the HIA, largely credited for keeping the trade association together for its first decade of existence.

Penn, Candee

Male singer performing with microphone on stage, wearing a sleeveless green shirt.

Worked on the She Who Remembers audio archive and helped manage several California Hemp Initiative petition drives in the mid-1990s.

Perkins, Tim

A man with white hair in a blue dress shirt and dark tie holds a cannabis leaf and looks at the camera, with a cityscape in the background.

(1945-2018) / Prop P, San Francisco CBC, co-author and proponent of Prop 215, co-author of The Brownie Mary Cookbook.

Peron, Dennis

A woman with long blonde hair wearing a black blazer, sitting in a chair, smiling at the camera. Behind her, a blue sign reads, 'Justice System March 30, 2016' with Twitter handles and hashtags related to US Women.

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Drug War POW granted clemency by President Clinton in 2000, director of CAN-DO Foundation - Justice Through Clemency, Producer/director of “420 - The Documentary”

Pofahl, Amy

A person dressed as a grocery store cashier, wearing glasses, an orange vest, and a 'Born-Again Atheist' button, smiling and holding a plate of brownies.

Interstate Commerce Clause that is the basis for federal prohibition. Won at the appellate level but the US Supreme Court disagreed and held in Gonzalez v Raich that the CSA to be Constitutional in 2003.

Raich, Angel & Rob

Long-time secretary of the HIA, largely credited for keeping the trade association together for its first decade of existence.

Rathbun, Brownie Mary

Reiman, Amanda

PhD researcher, worked for DPA, founding member of CCHS

California Families Against Mandatory Minimums (FAMM), co-founder of Human Rights and the Drug War, director of Green Aid

Resner, Virginia

Director of the California DPA, Helped arrange financing for Prop 215, author of Safety First and the Safety First drug education program for schools

Rogers, Hazel

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First known Cannabis arrest in the notorious Sonoratown marihuana bust in Los Angeles, 1914

Romo, Asencion

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Director of the California DPA, Helped arrange financing for Prop 215, author of Safety First and the Safety First drug education program for schools

Rosenbaum, Marsha

A man in a green 'Akademdam University' t-shirt standing in front of cannabis plants, holding a book titled 'Cannabis Grower's Handbook' by Ed Rosenthal.

Grower, advocate, author of the influential “Ask Ed” cultivation series and author of numerous grow books. He founded Green Aid to provide relief to cannabis POWs and advocated for Prop 215 and Prop 19 (2010).

Rosenthal, Ed

Oregon activist who moved to California in 1996 to campaign and vote for Prop 215, bringing a team of petitioners with him to help put it on the ballot.

Sajo, John

A man with a beard wearing a cowboy hat, sunglasses, and a bandana around his neck, holding a sign inside a marijuana plant.

Schmidt, Robert

The Cannabis Cowboy, founded the Genesis dispensary in Sonoma County.

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Scarmazzo, Luke

Caregiver, federal POW for operating a cannabis dispensary in Fresno.

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A man smiling outdoors carries a large bundle of marijuana plants on his shoulder.

Not even a cannabis consumer, as far as is known, he was shot to death by federal agents during a raid that was apparently intended to forfeit his multi-million dollar property.

Scott, Donald

Former acting director of BACH, HIA board member, founded HempTraders for hemp textiles and other hemp products, sponsored cultivation projects in California after industrial hemp farming was legalized federally.

Serbin, Lawrence

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Shafer, Cliff

founder of the online Drug Library, member of the Alliance of Reform Oganizations.

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Shaw, Lynette

Reggae musician, founder of the Fairfax Cannabis Buyers Club.

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Founder of Americans for Safe Access (ASA), patient lobbies, participated in civil disobedience, organized nationally for medical marijuana rights.

Sherer, Steph

A professional portrait of a smiling man with short brown hair, wearing a dark pinstripe suit and a purple patterned dress shirt, against a white background.

Headed Safe Access Now’s campaign to get counties to issue cannabis patient IDs, founded the National Cannabis Industries Assn. (NCIA) and served as its director.

Smith, Aaron

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Speciale, Aundre

Patient advocate, founded Sacramento CBC, CBCB

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Founder of Evanescent Press, hand-made the first domestic hemp paper, printed copies of the Declaration of Independence on hemp.

Stahl, John

A man with long gray hair and a mustache wearing a sun hat and patterned shirt stands in front of a movie theater marquee that displays showtimes and titles, with a brick building and theater sign visible.

Stonehill, Jeffrey

Around the World Hemp founder, minstrel, self-anointed global ambassador of hemp.

A man with gray hair and a mustache, smiling, wearing green medical scrubs, posed against a brown textured background.

Two women, one elderly and one younger, sharing a joyful moment in a room, sitting on a bed and smiling.

Nurse, founder of MAPPS and Brownie Mary Democratic Clubs, advocate of Props 19 and 64.

Swerdlow, Lanny

Prop 215 activist, Santa Cruz medical marijuana advocate, founded the cannabis-friendly Compassion Flower Inn

Tischler, “Nurse” Andrea

An elderly woman with long, wavy brown hair, wearing glasses and a black and gray hat, with a leafy green lei around her neck, at a crowded indoor event.

Was her own attorney for Trippet v CA win in appeals court that set “any reasonable amount” standard for medical marijuana patients. CCHS Advisory Board.

Trippet, Pebbles

Fired Up Attorney, worked with SSDP, ASA, community coordinator for Prop 64

Vasquez, Lauren

Older man smiling with sunglasses, giving a thumbs up, on a boat with water and a bridge in the background during sunset.

Cannabis breeder of Skunk, Haze, California Orange, Early Girl, Durban Poison (w/Mel Frank), etc.

Watson, Dave

Five men standing in front of San Rafael High School with a large statue of a man behind them and trees nearby.

Waldos, The

San Rafael high school students who are credited with starting the 420 phenomenon.

A middle-aged man with brown hair and a serious expression leaning against a tree trunk outdoors, wearing a green Lacoste polo shirt.

Activist connected to SF Cannabis Buyers Club in the mid 1990s, author of Marijuana Gateway to Health: How Cannabis Protects Us from Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease (2011)

Werner, Clint

Close-up portrait of an elderly man with white hair, beard, and mustache, wearing a black suit, blue shirt, black tie, and a pin with a cannabis leaf on his lapel, against a brown textured background.

A smiling older man with gray hair and a beard, wearing a light-colored suit jacket and a white shirt, in black and white.

Ohio-based activist who worked on numerous California causes, co-founder of Patients Helping Patients Collective in Tehama County. Founder of The Cannabis Museum, Athens Ohio.

Wirtshafter, Don E

Funder of Prop 215, State of the World Forum. Founder and spokesperson for The Men’s Wearhouse and role model for successful cannabis consumers.

Zimmer, George

Community pioneers